Subsystem PHT-P was a multi-filter, multi-aperture photopolarimeter with single element detectors and wide beam (up to 3arcmin) capability for faint extended sources. The covered wavelength range was 3-130m. The PHT-P detectors were each located inside an integrating cavity and had a dimension of 111mm. This subsystem was designed for sensitive, high precision photometry and polarimetry, using three different detector types (in parenthesis the detector material is given):
No. | Filter | min. aper. | scientific objective | |||||
# | [m] | [m] | [m] | [] | [] | |||
P1 | ||||||||
1 | P3.29 | 3.3 | 3.30 | 0.22 | 0.10 | 2.8 | 5 | PAH |
2 | P3.6 | 3.6 | 3.59 | 0.99 | 0.14 | 3.0 | 5 | cosmological gap, |
common to ISOCAM | ||||||||
3 | P4.85 | 4.8 | 4.86 | 1.55 | 0.16 | 4.1 | 5 | continuum to #1, #4 and #5 |
4 | P7.3 | 7.3 | 7.41 | 3.38 | 0.28 | 6.2 | 7.6 | 6.2, 7.7, 8.6m PAH complex |
5 | P7.7 | 7.7 | 7.66 | 0.82 | 0.25 | 6.4 | 7.6 | PAH |
6 | P10 | 10.0 | 10.00 | 1.80 | 0.35 | 8.4 | 10 | silicate feature |
7 | P11.3 | 11.3 | 11.36 | 0.81 | 0.29 | 9.5 | 10 | PAH |
8 | P11.5 | 12.0 | 11.88 | 6.53 | 0.48 | 10.0 | 10 | IRAS 12m band, |
common to ISOCAM | ||||||||
9 | P12.8 | 12.8 | 12.82 | 2.31 | 0.52 | 10.8 | 10 | continuum to #7 |
10 | P16 | 15.0 | 15.16 | 2.84 | 0.35 | 12.7 | 13.8 | general purpose |
P2 | ||||||||
11 | P20 | 20.0 | 21.03 | 9.03 | 0.32 | 17.7 | 18 | close to standard Q band |
12 | P25 | 25.0 | 23.80 | 9.12 | 0.38 | 20.0 | 23 | IRAS 25m band |
P3 | ||||||||
13 | P60 | 60.0 | 60.85 | 25.89 | 0.11 | 50.3 | 52 | IRAS 60m band |
14 | P100 | 100.0 | 102.44 | 39.55 | 0.31 | 83.9 | 79 | IRAS 100m band |
Any combination of apertures and filters was allowed. Polarisers were only used with the P2 25m filter and the aperture. At long wavelengths the Airy disc is significantly larger than the smallest aperture available. The diameter of the Airy disc is =0.84 [m]. The selection of apertures much smaller than was not recommended (see Table 2.2). Section 2.9 gives more details about the calculation of , and .
Polarisers: 0, 120 and 240 degrees
Apertures: 5.0, 7.6, 10, 13.8, 18, 2032, 23, 52, 79, 99, 120, 127127 and 180 arcsec. All apertures are circular except if noted.
The precision of the ISO pointing had implications on the achieved photometric accuracy. When observing with the smallest PHT-P apertures (5.0 and 7.6), the source might have been observed strongly off-centre, see `ISO Handbook, Vol. I: ISO - Mission & Satellite Overview', [20] for details about the ISO pointing accuracy.
PHT C100 was a array of Ge:Ga with 0.70.71mm elements. Increased photon absorption was achieved by total reflection of a 30 wedged pixel surface and an integrating cavity. The telescope beam was fed into these cavities by mm anti-reflection coated germanium fabry lenses mounted with 100m spacing which resulted in an optical fill factor of 93%. The effective size of the pixels on the sky was 43.543.5arcsec, the distance between the pixel centers (`pitch') was 46.0arcsec.
Throughout this manual the individual C100 pixels/detectors are labelled as in Table 2.4 where the +Z direction is upwards, and +Y is to the left. This corresponds to the projection of the array on the sky. The numbers (1...9) in Table 2.4 refer to the labelling and array counting in ERD, SPD and AAR products.
PHT C200 consisted of 4 pixels arranged in a matrix. The telescope beam was concentrated on the four detector pixels by anti-reflection coated germanium Fabry lenses of 3.93.9mm. The detector crystals were mounted in an integrating cavity and had prismatic shape to increase photon absorption. The sizes of the detector pixels themselves were approximately 1mm. The effective size of the pixels on the sky was 89.489.4arcsec, the distance between the pixel centers was 92.0arcsec.
The pixels were stressed by individual screws (Wolf, Grözinger & Lemke 1995, [58]); the stress was maximized in order to give a cut-off wavelength of 240m. The labelling of the individual C200 pixels is given in Tables 2.5 and 2.6 for the ERD and SPD/AAR convention.
There were 6 filters for C100 and 5 for C200 available. Table 2.7 gives a list of these filters including the reference and central wavelength, the widths, their resolution and the transmission. Section 2.9 gives more details about the calculation of , and .
Filter | |||||
[m] | [m] | [m] | [] | ||
C100 | |||||
C50 | 65 | 68.7 | 60.8 | 0.04 | 42 |
C60 | 60 | 61.8 | 24.6 | 0.13 | 50 |
C70 | 80 | 80.7 | 48.4 | 0.12 | 59 |
C90 | 90 | 95.2 | 56.4 | 0.30 | 76 |
C100 | 100 | 102.6 | 47.1 | 0.27 | 84 |
C105 | 105 | 107.2 | 38.4 | 0.24 | 88 |
C200 | |||||
C120 | 120 | 118.7 | 49.5 | 0.13 | 101 |
C135 | 150 | 155.1 | 81.2 | 0.26 | 113 |
C160 | 170 | 174.3 | 89.9 | 0.43 | 134 |
C180 | 180 | 181.0 | 68.8 | 0.33 | 151 |
C200 | 200 | 202.1 | 56.9 | 0.22 | 168 |
PHT-S consisted of a dual grating spectrometer with resolving power of order 90 in two wavelength bands. Band SS covered the wavelength range 2.5-4.9 m and band SL covered the range 5.8-11.6 m. Each spectrometer used a linear array of 64 element Si:Ga detectors with dimensions of mm per element. The arrays, hence the dispersion direction, were oriented in the spacecraft Z-direction. PHT-S had one square entrance aperture with dimensions ; this aperture was imaged onto each detector pixel.
In dispersion direction this resulted in a triangular spectral bandpass with a spectral range (Full Width at Half Maximum) for a single detector of 42.4nm (=3500 kms) for PHT-SS and 96.6nm (=3200 kms) for PHT-SL. The resolution was about 85 for PHT-SS and about 95 for PHT-SL, respectively. The spectra could be fully sampled at half of the resolution, i.e. with 89nm (PHT-SS) and 189.8nm (PHT-SL). PHT-S could be used with the chopper.
Both gratings were operated in first order. The wavelength scale was established in-orbit against celestial sources which emit narrow lines by fitting a 2nd order polynomial through the measured line centers.